Here we show that previously reported preferential colonization of potatoes infected by potato leafroll virus genus polerovirus luteovirus plrv by alatae of myzus persicae, the principal aphid vector of plrv, is influenced by volatile emissions from plrvinfected. The virus is introduced either by the aphids or previously infected seed tubers. Purification, antiserum production and serological detection in potato and test plants by enzyme. Gray1 1united states department of agricultureagricultural research service, and the department of plant pathology, cornell. Potato leafroll virus plrv is a luteovirus harrison 1984. Volatiles from potato plants infected with potato leafroll. Sylvester 1980, of which myzus persicae sulzer is the most efficient and economically important. The potato plant has a branched stem and alternately arranged leaves consisting of leaflets which are both of unequal size and shape. Plrv is transmitted by aphids in a persistent manner once an aphid acquires the virus it is infective for life.
Potato leafroll disease, caused bypotato leafroll 69. Plrv is one of the most important potato viruses worldwide but particularly. Influence of the potato leafroll virus and virusinfected plants on the. Sources and dissemination of potato viruses in the columbia basin of the northwestern united states p. Potato leafroll virus plrv causes a disease of potatoes worldwide and. This is the most serious potato virus in new england, and is responsible for huge losses worldwide. There was no interruption or obstacle tomato yellow top virus tytv is serologically related to potato leafroll plrv and beet western between tomato and potato rows that yellows bwyv viruses. Eigenbrodel, hongjian dingl, patrick shiel2 and philip h. Aphididae abstract the influence of viral disease symptoms on the behaviour of virus vectors has implications for disease epidemiology. Potato leafroll is caused by the potato leafroll virus plrv. Mar 07, 2002 the influence of viral disease symptoms on the behaviour of virus vectors has implications for disease epidemiology. Potato leafroll virus in potato crops agriculture and food. A persistent, aphid vectored virus, plrv is a member of the genus polerovirus and infects potato and occasionally other solanaceous plant species such as tomato. Potato leafroll virus can be introduced to a potato field by infected seed tubers or by aphids that have fed on infected potato plants.
Potato leafroll virus differs from most other viruses occurring in potato in possessing isometric particles c. Study of resistance in potato clone g81071 to potato. The following aphid species vectors of both viruses were present. Sources and dissemination of potato viruses in the columbia. Pathologists with mississippi state university will be monitoring a relatively new plant disease in state cotton fields once the growing season is in full swing. In order to detect infection with plrv and pvy n distribution of potato leafroll virus plrv and potato virus y pvyn in a field experiment. The pattern of leafroll spread and the relation with green peach aphid apteraedays suggested that apterae were primarily responsible for spread of the virus. The best strategy to control plant viruses consists on the use of certified seed. Detection of potato leafroll virus plrv in tissue prints of petioles, stems, and leaves of nicotiana benthamiana plants.
Influence of the potato leafroll virus and virusinfected. In order to screen the planting material, a polyclonal antiserum against the in vitro expressed coat protein cp of glrav4 was produced. Like typical luteoviruses, potato leafroll virus plrv cannot be transmitted mechanically by rubbing plants with solutions containing virus particles. To test the potato samples, extracts of infected potato leaves were prepared as described above. Serological detection of grapevine leafrollassociated. Infection of potato plants with potato leafroll virus changes attraction. Potato solanum tuberosumpotato leafroll virus leaf. Potato virus y pvy is a plant pathogenic virus of the family potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production.
Temperature and co2 level influence potato leafroll virus. Kardal solanaceae has a certain degree of resistance to m. At harvest, reds with visible leafroll symptoms had brix levels from 1 4 degrees lower than adjacent, uninfected vines in the same blocks. Secondarily infected plants of eight potato genotypes with different levels of field resistance served as virus sources. The potato clone g81071 has been identified as resistant to both plrv infection and multiplication. However, plrv was found to be mechanically transmissible from extracts of plants that had been inoculated by viruliferous aphids and then postinoculated with pea enation mosaic virus 2 pemv2. A genetically engineered chimeric virus crtmvcpplrv composed of the cruciferinfecting tobacco mosaic virus crtmv rna and the potato leafroll virus plrv coat protein cp was obtained by agroinfiltration of nicotiana benthamiana with the binary vector pcambiacrtmvcpplrv. The virus is picked up by colonising aphids during prolonged feeding on an infected plant.
The serological method is one of the most important techniques extensively used in crop production to detect different pathogens, especially plant viruses. Russet burbank, was related to the green peach aphid apterae thresholds at which insecticidal sprays were applied, although variation was. The significant levels of the chimeric virus enabled direct visualization of crtmvcpplrv in the cell and to. Here we show that previously reported preferential colonization of potatoes infected by potato leafroll virus genus polerovirus luteovirus plrv by alatae of myzus persicae, the principal aphid vector of plrv, is influenced by volatile emissions from plrvinfected plants. Tsoukaki 1 plant pathology laboratory,department of agricultural development, democritus university of thrace, pantazidou 193, 68200 n. Several minutes to hours are required for the aphid vector to acquire the virus, but once the virus has been acquired, the aphid carries it for life. In this study, attempts were made to reveal the mechanisms involved in the resistance of this clone to plrv infection. Infection of potato plants with potato leafroll virus changes. Berger2 division of entomology, and 2division of plant pathology, department of plant, soil and entomological sciences. The acquisition of potato leafroll virus plrv bymyzus persicae nymphs from the top leaves of potato plants was studied throughout a growing season in relation to the antigen titre in those leaves and the feeding behaviour of the aphid. Solanum tuberosum elisa oligogenic inheritance plrv progeny test potato leafroll virus plrv, an aphidvectored persistent luteovirus, is one of the most destructive pathogens afflicting potato. The aphids transmit a luteovirus into the vascular tissue of the potato plants. Silverenhanced lateral flow immunoassay for highlysensitive. It is closely related to a cotton virus known to occur in south america.
A gelfree, reversetranscription polymerase chain reactionbased fluor ogenic detection method for potato leafroll virus plrv in dormant potato tubers has been designed. Cause the potato leafroll virus plrv is transmitted by at least 10 species of aphids, in a persistent manner. Tashevaterzieva 3 1 agricultural university, bg 4000 plovdiv, bulgaria 2 plant protection institute, bg 2232 kostinbrod, bulgaria 3 university of sofia, faculty of biology, bg sofia, bulgaria. Potato leafroll virus spread in relation to densities of. In contrast to pvy and amv, plrv takes longer to be acquired 1030 minutes and transmitted 24 to 48 hours by aphids, since the virus needs to move into the gut, through the. Hostdependent requirement for the potato leafroll virus 17.
Potato virus y management for the seed potato producer. Potato leaves showing symptoms of potato virus x 48 figure 24. Aphid transmission of pstvd requires the source plant to be infected by both pstvd and potato leafroll virus plrv, thereby limiting the number of potential infection sources querci et al. High levels of infection within a crop reduce returns as the virus. Infection of potato plants with potato leafroll virus.
The effects of high temperature on infection by potato. Grapevine leafroll virus an increasing problem in the. The leaflets can be oval to oblong in shape and the leaves can reach 1030 cm 412 in in length and 515 cm 26 in wide. Hostdependent requirement for the potato leafroll virus 17kda protein in virus movement lawrence lee,1 peter palukaitis,2 and stewart m. Third, the aphids aggregated preferentially on screening over leaflet models treated with volatiles collected. Research also showed that transmission of pvy by the three aphid vectors was higher in field plots with a pvy infected hairy nightshade plant as source of virus inoculum than in plots with only a pvy infected potato plant. Effects of potato leafroll virus plrv and potato virus y pvy on vegetative growth, physiological metabolism and microtuber production were investigated using in vitro shoot cultures. Vector growth rate, fecundity, longevity, and alate production are enhanced on plrv infected potato plants solanum tuberosum l cv. Recently, grapevine leafroll associated virus 4 glrav4 has been reported in the indian vineyards, mostly as a mixed infection with glrav3 and glrav1. Abstract potato virus y pvy and potato leafroll virus plrv are two of the most important viral pathogens of potato. Characterization of the expression and inheritance of potato leafroll. For the confirmation of the viral infection in the indicator species, the plants were analyzed using daselisa. Considering the existence of a rigid cell wall as a passive resistance barrier or matureplant resistance as barrier to virus infection, experiments were conducted in which.
Received 22 august 2001 accepted 2 november 2001 published online 12 february 2002 volatiles from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus attract and arrest the virus vector, myzus. Infection by pvyopva and plrv increased with increasing plant temperature in nicotiana benthamiana and physalis floridana, respectively. Potato leafroll virus cannot be transmitted mechanically. Different reactions of potato varieties to infection by. Volatiles from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus attract and arrest the virus vector, myzus persicae homoptera. Molecular characterization of potato leafroll virus, potato. Leaflet of green mountain potato plant infected with mild mosaic virus. Detection of potato leaf roll virus in dormant potato tubers by immunocapture and a fluorogenic 5 nuclease rtpcr assay. As a member of the genus polerovirus within the luteoviridae family darcy and domier, 2005, plrv is transmitted by aphid vectors in a circulative, nonpropagative manner and is con. The influence of viral disease symptoms on the behaviour of virus vectors has implications for disease epidemiology. Viral antigen was present in all cell types of the phloem tissue. Yep, aphids are responsible for plants with potato leafroll virus. Potato leafroll virus plrv causes a disease of potatoes worldwide and occurs in western australia. It can infect potato, tomato and other related plants.
Green peach aphid, myzus persicae sulzer hemiptera. Infection of potato plants was determined using daselisa. The green peach aphid myzus persicae is the primary vector of plrv. Department of agriculture, agricultural research service, irrigated agriculture research and extension center, prosser, wa 99350 70 fields in the columbia basin. Abstract a selection of potato cultivars and breeding lines was evaluated for presence of resistance to infection with potato leafroll virus plrv via viruliferous aphid vectors i andor resistance to accumulation of plrv antigen a in infected leaf tissue. Pdf resistance to potato leafroll virus infection and. Potato leafroll virus plrv antigen was localized by immunogold labelling in semithin leaf sections of secondarily infected potato plants cv. Weidemann3 1laboratory of plant pathology, faculty of agriculture, graduate school of kyushu university, 6101, hakozaki, higashiku, fukuoka 8128581, japan 2department of crop science, university of nairobi, p.
Phloem necrosis net necrosis in tuber following currentseason infec tion with leafroll virus 50 figure 26. Potato viruses ct integrated pest management program. The necrosis may also increase during storage of the tubers. Potato leafroll virus is a member of the genus polerovirus and family luteoviridae. A total of ware potato crops grown for fresh consumption and processing were surveyed. Potato plant infected with leafroll virus 49 figure 25.
Taken together, the results indicate that arrestment ofm. Plrv is transmitted by aphids, primarily the green peach aphid, myzus persicae. Cotton leafroll dwarf virus, or clrdv, was first reported in alabama in 2017. Russet burbank as compared with noninfected plants castle and. How new potato virus strains are troubling maine farmers. May 16, 20 effects of potato leafroll virus plrv and potato virus y pvy on vegetative growth, physiological metabolism and microtuber production were investigated using in vitro shoot cultures. Our ngs results demonstrate a mixed infection with potato virus y pvy and. High levels of infection within a crop reduce returns as the virus greatly. The amount of tuber necrosis and severity will depend upon when plants with leafroll virus were infected.
Research also showed that transmission of pvy by the three aphid vectors was higher in field plots with a pvyinfected hairy nightshade plant as source of virus inoculum than in plots with only a pvyinfected potato plant. Swiss federal agricultural research station, ch 1260 nyon. The percentage of plants showing viruslike symptoms stunting, leaf distortion 254 pvy and plrv in potato in greece journal of plant pathology 2008, 90 2, 253261. We examined the effects of temperature on acquisition of potato virus yo pvyo, potato virus a pva, and potato leafroll virus plrv by myzus persicae by performing transmission tests with aphids that acquired each virus at different temperatures.
Here we show that previously reported preferential colonization of potatoes infected by potato leafroll virus genus polerovirus luteovirus. Potato leafroll virus infected plants may develop rolled, leathery leaves and net necrosis in tubers resulting in significant yield and quality losses. Infection, especially from infected seed potato stocks, causes leafrolling and stunting, the extent depending on the potato cultivar. After this, plrv was added at the same range of concentrations. At harvest, reds with visible leafroll symptoms had brix levels from 1 4 degrees lower than. The peach potato aphid myzus persicae is regarded as the most efficient vector. Transmission does not occur by mechanical inoculation, seeds or pollen. More than 5 percent of the samples tested must be positive for either potato virus y or potato leafroll virus in order for a lot to be rejected. Solanaceae, preferentially settles on potato leafroll virus plrv.
Diseased plants, resulting from viral infection, often affect the performance of aphids that transmit the respective viruses. Monsanto next wished to know if thomas would be interested in testing the feasibility of developing virus derived coat protein cp mediated transgenic resistance in potato, the objective being to solve potato virus disease problems in an approach that would mark. Dynamics of myzus persicae arrestment by volatiles from. Potato diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Probably one of the earliest records of disease problems caused by a plant virus was that of potato leafroll resulting from infection with potato leafroll virus plrv, thus, infection with plrv was the cause, or at least a factor in, a condition affecting potato. All known aphidtransmitted potato viruses other than plrv are transmitted in a nonpersistent manner. Weidemann 3 1 laboratory of plant pathology, faculty of agriculture, graduate school of. Aphids acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. Potato leafroll virus plrv is a member of the genus polerovirus and family luteoviridae. Pdf volatiles from potato plants infected with potato. Small rna sequencing of potato leafroll virusinfected plants. Plrv spreads mainly by means of infected tubers and by aphid vectors robert, 2000. Symptoms of primary infection by plrv consist of pallor and upward rolling of young leaves, especially at the base, with an upright habit.
Ophus department of plant, soil and entomological sciences, university of idaho, parma research and extension center, 29603 u of i lane, parma, id 836606699 usa. To our knowledge this is the first report of pmtv in north dakota. Heck, also an associate professor in the school of integrative plant science in the college of agriculture and life sciences, and her team focused on the green peach aphid myzus persicae, which transmits more than 100 plant viruses and feeds on a variety of crops, including peaches, tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage and corn. Influence of the potato leafroll virus and virus infected plants on the arrestment of the aphid, myzus persicae thomas m. The most efficient vector of the virus is the green peach aphid. Pvy infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral strain. Development of polyclonal antiserum against movement protein. The primary vector of plrv is the aphid myzus persicae sulzer homoptera. Hostdependent requirement for the potato leafroll virus. Potato leafroll virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Acquisition of potato leafroll virus by myzus persicae from.
Plrv can be introduced to potatoes by planting infected seeds or by insect vectors. Archived colorado potato beetle and potato leafroll. Potato leafroll virus is a member of the family of luteoviridae and is a typical representative of genus pollerovirus. The results showed that parameters of shoot growth including bud break percentage, shoot length, and node number and length were markedly reduced in the diseased shoots. Top virus potato leafroll and beet western yellows viruses. Thomas 1987 that is transmitted in a persistent, circulative, nonpropagative manner by all its aphid vectors nault 1997. High levels of infection within a crop reduce returns as the virus greatly reduces tuber yield, size and marketability. Once an aphid acquires the virus, it can transmit it for life, but not pass it on to its offspring.
Potato, solanum tuberosum, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family solanaceae which is grown for its edible tubers. The 17 kda movement protein mp of potato leafroll virus plrv is related to the membranous structures and localized to the plasmodesmata, but there is no report on preparation of plrvmp. Potato leafroll virus plrv is a phloemlimited luteovirus which is transmitted by aphids in a persistent manner. Several minutes to hours are required for the aphid vector to acquire the virus, but once the virus has been acquired, the aphid carries the virus for life. Here we show that previously reported preferential colonization of potatoes infected by potato leafroll virus genus polerovirus luteovirus plrv by alatae ofmyzus persicae, the principal aphid vector of plrv, is in. Aphididae, an important pest of potato solanum tuberosum l. The phloem limited positive sense rna virus infects potatoes and other members of the family solanaceae. On each occasion blight lesions developed on about half the rolled virusinfected leaves whereas none developed on those which were virus free. Potato leafroll virus is acquired more readily from the top leaves of young, secondarily infected plants than from older plants, but acquisition is not correlated with virus. The infected phloem is taken up through the aphid stylet into the digestive system.
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